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          IRF配置指南
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            <div class="post-description">IRF（Intelligent Resilient Framework，智能弹性架构）是H3C自主研发的软件虚拟化技术。它的核心思想是将多台设备通过IRF物理端口连接在一起，进行必要的配置后，虚拟化成一台“分布式设备”。</div>

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<h3 id="IRF角色："><a href="#IRF角色：" class="headerlink" title="IRF角色："></a>IRF角色：</h3><ol>
<li>Master 负责管理整个IRF。</li>
<li>Slave：作为Master的备份设备运行。当Master设备出现故障时，会从Slave中选举一个新的Master接替原Master工作。一个IRF中只能同时存在一台Master，其他设备都是Slave。</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="分裂机制："><a href="#分裂机制：" class="headerlink" title="分裂机制："></a>分裂机制：</h3><p>​    一个IRF形成后，由于IRF链路故障，IRF中两相邻的成员设备物理上不连通，一个IRF变为两个IRF，这个过程就是IRF分裂。</p>
<p>IRF运行模式与配置方式：</p>
<p>​    IRF的运行模式分为IRF模式与独立运行模式，设备出厂时默认处于独立运行模式。若本次运行过程中，没有修改设备的运行模式，则下次启动时会继续使用本次启动的运行模式。如果在运行过程中修改了设备的运行模式，则设备会自动重启，切换到新的模式。</p>
<h3 id="IRF工作原理："><a href="#IRF工作原理：" class="headerlink" title="IRF工作原理："></a>IRF工作原理：</h3><ol>
<li><p>物理连接</p>
<p>​    要形成一个IRF，需要先连接成员设备的IRF物理端口。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<ol start="2">
<li><p>拓扑收集</p>
<p>​    每个成员设备和邻居成员设备通过交互IRF Hello报文来收集整个IRF的拓扑。IRF　hello报文会携带拓扑信息，具体包括IRF端口连接关系、成员设备编号、成员设备优先级、成员设备的桥MAC等。</p>
</li>
<li><p>角色选举</p>
<p>​    角色选举会在拓扑变更的情况下进行。例如，IRF建立、新设备加入、Master设备的离开或者故障、IRF合并。</p>
<p>​    选举规则：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>当Master优先（IRF系统形成时，没有Master设备，所有加入的设备都认为自己是Master）</p>
</li>
<li><p>成员优先级大的优先</p>
</li>
<li><p>系统运行时间长的优先</p>
</li>
<li><p>桥Mac地址小的优先</p>
<p><strong>从第一条开始判断，如果有多个最优结果，则进行下一条判断。</strong></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>IRF管理与维护</p>
<p>​    角色选举完毕后，IRF形成，所有成员设备组成一台虚拟设备存在于网络中，所有成员设备上的资源归虚拟设备，并由Master统一管理。</p>
<p>(1) 成员编号</p>
<p>​        在运行过程中，IRF使用成员编号来标示和管理成员设备，并在端口编号和文件系统中引入成员编号的标识信息。用户在设备加入IRF前需要统一规划配置设备的成员编号，以保证IRF中成员编号的唯一性。</p>
<p>(2) 文件系统命名规则</p>
<p>​        对于IRF中的设备，直接使用存储介质的名称，可以访问Master设备的文件系统，使用“slotmember-ID#存储介质的名称” 才能访问slave设备的文件系统。</p>
<p>(3) 配置文件的同步</p>
<p>​        IRF中的slave设备在启动时，会自动寻找Master设备，并将Master设备的当前配置文件同步到本地并执行；若IRF中的所有设备同时启动，则Slave设备会将Master设备的起始配置文件同步到本地并执行。</p>
<p>​        在IRF正常工作后，用户所进行的任何配置，都会记录到master设备的当前配置文件中，并同步到IRF中的各个设备执行；用户在执行save命令时，如果开启了配置文件同步保存功能（默认为开启），master设备的当前配置文件将被同步保存到IRF的所有成员设备上，作为起始配置文件，以便使IRF中所有设备的起始配置文件保持统一；如果未开启配置文件同步保存功能，当前配置文件将仅在master设备上进行保存。通过即时的同步，IRF中所有设备均保存有相同的配置文件，即使master设备出现故障，其他设备仍然能够按照相同的配置文件执行各项功能。</p>
</li>
<li><p>IRF拓扑维护</p>
<p>如果成员Adown，或者IRF链路Down，邻居设备会立即广播‘A设备离开’。获取到离开信息的成员设备会判断离开的是Master还是slave，如果是Master，会进行Master选举，否则立即更新IRF拓扑。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="多IRF冲突检测"><a href="#多IRF冲突检测" class="headerlink" title="多IRF冲突检测"></a>多IRF冲突检测</h3><ol>
<li><p>分裂检测：</p>
<p>​    通过LACP或者免费ARP来检测网络中是否存在多个IRF。</p>
</li>
<li><p>冲突处理：</p>
<p>​    检测到网络中存在其他处于Active状态的IRF，冲突处理会让Master 成员编号最小的IRF继续工作，其他的IRF会迁移到Recover 状态，并关闭Recovery状态IRF中所有成员设备上除保留端口以外的其他所有物理端口，保证该IRF不在转发业务报文。<strong>默认情况下，只有IRF物理端口是保留端口，如果要将其他端口（如用于远程登录的端口）也作为保留端口，需要使用命令行进行手工配置。</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p>MAD故障恢复：</p>
<p>​    IRF链路故障导致IRF分裂，从而引起多active冲突。因此修复故障的IRF链路，使冲突的IRF重新合并为一个IRF，就能恢复MAD故障。若在MAD故障恢复前，处于recovery状态的IRF也出现了故障，则需要将故障IRF和故障链路都修复后，才能让冲突的IRF重新合并为一个IRF，恢复MAD故障；若再MAD故障恢复前，故障的是active状态的IRF，则可以通过命令行先启用recovery状态的IRF，让它接替原IRF工作，以便保证业务尽量少受影响，再恢复MAD故障。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="配置案例"><a href="#配置案例" class="headerlink" title="配置案例"></a>配置案例</h3><h4 id="实验拓扑"><a href="#实验拓扑" class="headerlink" title="实验拓扑"></a>实验拓扑</h4><p><img src="https://gitee.com/GWashitgton/Picture/raw/master/image/20200622225122.png" alt=""></p>
<ol>
<li><p>配置A 为Master</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash">设置成员号以及优先级</span></span><br><span class="line">irf member 1 priority 4</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash">将需要加入irf-port的端口关闭，并加入相应的IRF Group</span></span><br><span class="line">int range Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/49 to Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/52</span><br><span class="line">shut</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">irf-port 1/1</span><br><span class="line">port group interface  Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/49</span><br><span class="line">port group interface  Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/50</span><br><span class="line">port group interface  Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/51</span><br><span class="line">port group interface  Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/52</span><br><span class="line">int range Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/49 to Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/52</span><br><span class="line">undo shut</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 激活IRF</span></span><br><span class="line">irf-port-configuration active</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>配置B为Slave</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 设置成员号以及优先级，H3C设备模式mem 为1 ，需要修改为2</span></span><br><span class="line">irf mem 1 retu 2</span><br><span class="line">irf mem 2 pri 3</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash">将需要加入irf-port的端口关闭，并加入相应的IRF Group</span></span><br><span class="line">int range Ten-GigabitEthernet 2/0/49 to Ten-GigabitEthernet 2/0/52</span><br><span class="line">shut</span><br><span class="line">irf-port 2/2</span><br><span class="line">port group interface  Ten-GigabitEthernet 2/0/49</span><br><span class="line">port group interface  Ten-GigabitEthernet 2/0/50</span><br><span class="line">port group interface  Ten-GigabitEthernet 2/0/51</span><br><span class="line">port group interface  Ten-GigabitEthernet 2/0/52</span><br><span class="line">int range Ten-GigabitEthernet 2/0/49 to Ten-GigabitEthernet 2/0/52</span><br><span class="line">undo shut</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 激活IRF</span></span><br><span class="line">irf-port-configuration active</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



</li>
</ol>
<p>   连接心跳线。</p>
<p>   配置BFD</p>
   <figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vlan 4000</span><br><span class="line">interface Vlan-interface4000</span><br><span class="line"> description **IRF_BFD**</span><br><span class="line"> mad bfd enable</span><br><span class="line"> mad ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.252 member 1</span><br><span class="line"> || mad ip address 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.252 member 2</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1</span><br><span class="line"> port link-mode bridge</span><br><span class="line"> port access vlan 4000</span><br><span class="line"> undo stp enable</span><br><span class="line">interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1</span><br><span class="line"> port link-mode bridge</span><br><span class="line"> port access vlan 4000</span><br><span class="line"> undo stp enable</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


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        <div style="text-align:center;color: #ccc;font-size:14px;">-------------本文结束<i class="fa fa-paw"></i>感谢您的阅读-------------</div>
    
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